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叶金荣（yejr）早年曾混迹于linuxforum、linuxsir、chinaunix等社区。
2006年建本站至今，是国内最早的一批MySQL技术博客之一。
从事过LAMP开发，后成为专职MySQL DBA，擅长MySQL优化、数据库架构设计及对比基准压测。
2012年被提名成为ORACLE MySQL ACE。
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[MySQL 5.1 体验]MySQL 实例管理器 mysqlmanager 初试
MySQL实例管理器(IM)是通过TCP/IP端口运行的后台程序，用来监视和管理MySQL数据库服务器实例。MySQL实例管理器适合Unix-类操作系统和Windows。
可以在mysqld_safe脚本使用MySQL实例管理器来启动和停止MySQL服务器，甚至可以从一个远程主机。MySQL实例管理器还执行mysqld_multi脚本的功能(和大多数语法)。
一、 mysqlmanager 配置文件
一个最常见的 mysqlmanager 配置文件如下：
[manager] port = 1999 socket = /tmp/manager.sock pid-file= /tmp/manager.pid run-as-service = true monitoring-interval = 10 default-mysqld-path = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld password-file = /etc/mysqlmanager.passwd log = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld/mysqlmanager.log [mysqld1] basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data1 general-log = true log-error = /usr/local/mysql/data1/error.log pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data1/mysql.pid port = 13306 socket = /tmp/mysql13306.sock [mysqld2] basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data2 general-log = true log-error = /usr/local/mysql/data2/error.log pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data2/mysql.pid port = 13307 socket = /tmp/mysql13307.sock [mysqld3] basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data3 general-log = true log-error = /usr/local/mysql/data3/error.log pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data3/mysql.pid port = 13308 socket = /tmp/mysql13308.sock
首先，第一个区间是 [manager]，它用于指定 mysqlmanager 程序启动时的选项。其中 run-as-service 选项是指 mysqlmanager 以后台守护进程方式运行， default-mysqld-path 选项则指定了 mysqld 程序所在的位置。 password-file 选项则指定了连接到 mysqlmanager 的用户密码文件所在位置。
接下来，后面的 [mysqld1], [mysqld2], [mysqld3] 区间则分别设定了3个 MySQL 运行实例。这些参数就是常见的设置了，在这里不再细说。
二、 mysqlmanager 用户管理
1、添加用户
[root@localhost]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlmanager --add-user --username=yejr [20910/136318976] [07/06/19 11:03:01] [INFO] IM: started. [20910/136318976] [07/06/19 11:03:01] [INFO] Loading config file 'my.cnf'... [20910/136318976] [07/06/19 11:03:01] [INFO] Loading the password database... [20910/136318976] [07/06/19 11:03:01] [INFO] The password database loaded successfully. Enter password: Re-type password: [20910/136318976] [07/06/19 11:03:04] [INFO] IM: finished. [root@localhost]# [root@localhost]# cat /etc/mysqlmanager.passwd yejr:*0E558D9FBD602CDA0C9F3F7A8BC5F4F53401CD7C
2、修改密码
[root@localhost]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlmanager --edit-user --username=yejr [20943/136318976] [07/06/19 11:05:01] [INFO] IM: started. [20943/136318976] [07/06/19 11:05:01] [INFO] Loading config file 'my.cnf'... [20943/136318976] [07/06/19 11:05:01] [INFO] Loading the password database... [20943/136318976] [07/06/19 11:05:01] [INFO] Loaded user 'yejr'. [20943/136318976] [07/06/19 11:05:01] [INFO] The password database loaded successfully. Enter password: Re-type password: [20943/136318976] [07/06/19 11:05:05] [INFO] IM: finished. [root@localhost]# [root@localhost]# cat /etc/mysqlmanager.passwd yejr:*9DB91006131E32B22135599033C6A9C196EC3C6B
3、删除用户
[root@localhost]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlmanager --drop-user --username=yejr [20967/136318976] [07/06/19 11:06:30] [INFO] IM: started. [20967/136318976] [07/06/19 11:06:30] [INFO] Loading config file 'my.cnf'... [20967/136318976] [07/06/19 11:06:30] [INFO] Loading the password database... [20967/136318976] [07/06/19 11:06:30] [INFO] Loaded user 'yejr'. [20967/136318976] [07/06/19 11:06:30] [INFO] The password database loaded successfully. [20967/136318976] [07/06/19 11:06:30] [INFO] IM: finished.
默认情况下，mysqlmanager 的密码文件是 /etc/mysqlmanager.passwd，如果你的密码文件不是放在这里，那么就需要自行指定，增加一个参数 --password-file=path_to_passwd_file，让 mysqlmanager 根据指定的位置去找到正确的密码文件。如：
[root@localhost]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlmanager --password-file=/usr/local/mysql/.mysqlmanager.passwd --add-user --username=yejr
注意：修改或者删除用户后，只有重启 mysqlmanager 才能生效，而不是立刻生效。
三、 mysqlmanager 管理
1、mysqlmanager 启动
[root@localhost]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlmanager --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf [21032/136318976] [07/06/19 11:11:03] [INFO] IM: started. [21032/136318976] [07/06/19 11:11:03] [INFO] Loading config file '/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf'... [21032/136318976] [07/06/19 11:11:03] [INFO] Angel: started. [21032/136318976] [07/06/19 11:11:03] [INFO] Angel: opening log file '/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld/mysqlmanager.log'... [21032/136318976] [07/06/19 11:11:03] [INFO] Angel: daemonizing... [21032/136318976] [07/06/19 11:11:03] [INFO] Angel: exiting from the original process... [21032/136318976] [07/06/19 11:11:03] [INFO] IM: finished. [21033/136318976] [07/06/19 11:11:03] [INFO] Angel: preparing standard streams.
在启动 mysqlmanager 的同时，也会把它管理的所有 MySQL实例 全部启动。
[root@localhost]# mysql -uyejr -P1999 -hlocalhost -S/tmp/manager.sock -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 to server version: 1.0-beta Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer. (yejr:localhost:)(none)> SHOW INSTANCES; +---------------+--------+ | instance_name | state | +---------------+--------+ | mysqld1 | online | | mysqld2 | online | | mysqld3 | online | +---------------+--------+
2、mysqlmanager 状态查看
(yejr:localhost:)(none)> SHOW INSTANCE STATUS mysqld1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
instance_name: mysqld1
state: online
version_number: 5.1.19
version: 5.1.19-beta for unknown-freebsd6.0 on i386 (MySQL Community Server (GPL))
mysqld_compatible: no
(yejr:localhost:)(none)> SHOW INSTANCE OPTIONS mysqld1;
+---------------+----------------------------------------------+
| option_name | value |
+---------------+----------------------------------------------+
| instance_name | mysqld1 |
| basedir | /usr/local/mysql |
| datadir | /usr/local/mysql/data1 |
| general-log | true |
| log-error | /usr/local/mysql/data1/error.log |
| pid-file | /usr/local/mysql/data1/mysql.pid |
| port | 13306 |
| socket | /tmp/mysql13306.sock |
+---------------+----------------------------------------------+
(yejr:localhost:)(none)> SHOW mysqld1 LOG FILES;
+-----------+----------------------------------+-----------+
| Logfile | Path | File size |
+-----------+----------------------------------+-----------+
| ERROR LOG | /usr/local/mysql/data1/error.log | 2976 |
+-----------+----------------------------------+-----------+
(yejr:localhost:)(none)> SHOW mysqld13306 LOG ERROR 2976\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
070619 11:17:57 [Warning] Server variable data_file_path of plugin InnoDB was forced to be read-only: string variable
without update_func and PLUGIN_VAR_MEMALLOC flag
070619 11:17:57 [Warning] Server variable data_home_dir of plugin InnoDB was forced to be read-only: string variable
without update_func and PLUGIN_VAR_MEMALLOC flag
070619 11:17:57 [Warning] Server variable flush_method of plugin InnoDB was forced to be read-only: string variable
without update_func and PLUGIN_VAR_MEMALLOC flag
070619 11:17:57 [Warning] Server variable log_arch_dir of plugin InnoDB was forced to be read-only: string variable
without update_func and PLUGIN_VAR_MEMALLOC flag
070619 11:17:57 [Warning] Server variable log_group_home_dir of plugin InnoDB was forced to be read-only: string
variable without update_func and PLUGIN_VAR_MEMALLOC flag
070619 11:17:57 InnoDB: Started; log sequence number 0 48402
070619 11:17:57 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events
070619 11:17:57 [Note] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: ready for connections.
Version: '5.1.19-beta' socket: '/tmp/mysql13306.sock' port: 13306 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
更多的可操作命令可以参考手册。
3、mysqlmanager 管理
停止 MySQL实例：
(yejr:localhost:)(none)> STOP INSTANCE mysqld1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.81 sec) (yejr:localhost:)(none)> SHOW INSTANCES; +---------------+---------+ | instance_name | state | +---------------+---------+ | mysqld1 | offline | | mysqld2 | online | | mysqld3 | online | +---------------+---------+ (yejr:localhost:)(none)> START INSTANCE mysqld1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Instance started (yejr:localhost:)(none)> SHOW INSTANCES; +---------------+--------+ | instance_name | state | +---------------+--------+ | mysqld1 | online | | mysqld2 | online | | mysqld3 | online | +---------------+--------+ (yejr:localhost:)(none)> STOP INSTANCE mysqld2; Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.81 sec) (yejr:localhost:)(none)> STOP INSTANCE mysqld3; Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.81 sec) (yejr:localhost:)(none)> SHOW INSTANCES; +---------------+---------+ | instance_name | state | +---------------+---------+ | mysqld1 | offline | | mysqld2 | offline | | mysqld3 | offline | +---------------+---------+ (yejr:localhost:)(none)> FLUSH INSTANCES; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec) (yejr:localhost:)(none)> SHOW INSTANCES; +---------------+--------+ | instance_name | state | +---------------+--------+ | mysqld1 | online | | mysqld2 | online | | mysqld3 | online | +---------------+--------+
在 MySQL实例 停止的状态下，还可以动态的修改端口等参数。
注意： FLUSH INSTANCES 语法会在 MySQL 5.2 以后不再使用。
总结：通过 mysqlmanager 我们就可以远程来管理 mysqld，包括重启，查看日志，设定系统参数等。而无需直接登录服务器或者通过 mysql 客户端登录服务器，也进一步保护了 MySQL 账户的安全，这在有较多数量的 MySQL 服务器引用环境中还是很有帮助的。
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